IBPS CWE COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Digital Camera is an?
1) Input Device
2) Output Device
3) Storage Device
4) Controller Device
5) None

2. Adwords is a(n)?
1) Advertising Service by Microsoft
2) Advertising Service by Google
3) Advanced Search Engine
4) Automatic words Search Engine by Yahoo
5) Advertising Service by Yahoo

3. When a computer is switched on, during which process POST is performed?
1) In booting process
2) In integrity process
3) During reliability test
4) In shut down process
5) None

4. Which of the following is the largest storage?
1) Mega Byte 
2) Kilo Byte
3) Giga Byte
4) Byte
5) Tera Byte

5. Application software contains programs designed for a(n)?
1) Computer Administrator
2) Computer Programmer
3) Initiator
4) End User
5) None

6. System Software includes which of the following?
1) Linkers
2) Debuggers
3) Loaders
4) Compilers
5) All the above

7. Which of the following best defines batch processing?
1) Sharing of a computing resource among many users
2) Execution of bulk jobs at a time
3) Allocation of computer system and its resources to more than one user
4) Execution of series of jobs on a computer without manual intervention
5) None

8. Which of the following is true about RAM and ROM?
1) They belong to internal storage
2) They are directly accessible
3) They are read only memories
4) All of these
 5) Only 1 and 2

9. The secret code that restricts entry to some programs / software is:
1) Password
2) Pass code
3) Entry - code
4) Access code
5) None

10. Which of the following is true about CPU?
1) It contains electronic circuits that cause processing to occur
2) It makes the information resulting from processing available for use
3) It allows data, programs, commands to be entered into a computer
4) It is comprised of electronic components that store data
5) None


11. Which of the following keys on keyboard cannot work independently and should be used in combination with another key to perform a task?
1) Function
2) Control
3) Arrow
4) Space bar
5) None

12. The commonly used name for Malicious Software is?
1) Badware
2) Malware
3) Malicious Software
4) Unethical ware
5) Harmful ware

13. Raja wants to print his music notes sheet from a document. He used the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + P. The document, by default is printed in .... mode.
1) Landscape
2) Portrait
3) Page Setup
4) Print View
5) None

14. Which of the following computers is most powerful?
1) Mini Computers
2) Mainframe Computers
3) Super Computers
4) Micro Computers
5) None

15. Word Processing softwares are used to create:
1) Databases
2) Documents
3) Spreadsheets
4) Slides
5) None

16. Which of the following is not a packaged software?
1) MS - PowerPoint
2) MS - Excel
3) MS - Access
4) Adobe Photoshop
5) None

17. The number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed is called
1) Quality
2) Correctness
3) Resolution
4) Repetition
5) Projection

18. The amount of space that has been used up and the remaining free space of the hard disk is known to the user by?
1) Viewing the properties
2) Opening it
3) Renaming it
4) Moving it to trash / Recyclebin
5) None

19. Which of the following device is used to send and receive information printed on a paper through telephone line?
1) Scanner
2) Printer
3) Fax Machine
4) e - mail
5) MICR

20. Which of the following is a data - entry device?
1) Barcode Reader
2) MICR
3) OMR
4) OCR
5) All of these

21. In Computer terminology, Choices are usually referred to as?
1) Options
2) Exits
3) Sources
4) Codes
5) None

22. Which of the following contains Only input devices?
1) Scanner, Printer, Monitor
2) Keyboard, Printer, Monitor
3) Mouse, Printer, Monitor
4) Plotter, Printer, Monitor
5) None

23. Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?
1) Printer
2) Scanner
3) Mouse
4) Monitor
5) Windows

24. What is the function of a Drop Cap in MS - Word?
1) It does not allow capital letters to be used in the documents.
2) It turns the first letter of each word into Upper Case
3) It lets you begin a paragraph with a large dropped Initial capital letter
4) It automatically starts all paragraphs and sentences with capital letters
5) None

25. Network Components are connected to the same cable in the ...... topology.
1) Star
2) Ring
3) Bus
4) Mesh
5) None

26. When computer processes the data, the intermediate data is stored in?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) Hard Disk
4) CD
5) BIOS

27. The Process of sending data to a number of stations at the same time is known as ?
1) Broadcasting
2) Unicasting
3) Bicasting
4) Synchronization
5) None

28. Which of the following is not a web browser?
1) Mozilla
2) IE
3) CE
4) Opera
5) Safari

29. What is the maximum storage capacity of a CD?
1) 700 MB
2) 1000 MB
3) 1024 MB
4) 2000 MB
5) 100 MB

30. Which of the following is not a network protocol?
1) HTTP
2) SMTP
3) FTP
4) html
5) None

31. html is a kind of ?
1) Programming Language
2) Mark-up language
3) Scripting Language
4) Query Language
5) Internet Language

32. 'Mark as Final' in MS Word is used to:
1) Make the document Editable by everybody
2) Make the document Read Only
3) Make the document Editable by authorized persons only
4) Make the document available on the web
5) None of these

33. The backspace key is most often used to?
1) Delete a character to the right of the cursor
2) Delete a character to the left of the cursor
3) Delete a character above the cursor
4) Delete a character below the cursor
5) None

34. Which of the following keyboard shortcuts is used to view the properties of a selected object?
1) Alt + Space
2) Ctrl + Space
3) Alt + Enter
4) Ctrl + Enter
5) None

35. Expand VPN.
1) Virtual Personal Network
2) Very Private Network
3) Virtual Private Network
4) Vicious Personal Network
5) None

36. The example of character user interface is:
1) DOS
2) Windows XP
3) Macintosh
4) Both 1 and 2
5) None

37. What is the short-cut key to display save-as dialog box in MS-Word?
1) F1
2) Alt + F1
3) F12
4) F5
5) None

38. The internet service that provides a multimedia interface to available resources is called:
1) FTP
2) World Wide Web
3) Telnet
4) VPN
5) None

ANSWERS:

1-1; 2-2; 3-1; 4-5; 5-4; 6-5; 7-1;
8-5; 9-1; 10-2; 11-2; 12-2; 13-2; 14-3; 15-2;
16-5; 17-3; 18-1; 19-3; 20-5; 21-1; 22-5;
23-5; 24-3; 25-3; 26-1; 27-1; 28-3; 29-1; 30-4;
31-2; 32-2; 33-2; 34-3; 35-3; 36-1; 37-3; 38-2.

IBPS CLERKS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE EXPECTED MODEL QUESTIONS

1. Which of the following memory chip is programmed during the manufacturing process?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) PROM
4) EEPROM
5) None

2. Computer uses which of the following languages to process data?
1) High Level
2) Assembly
3) Binary
4) Hexa Decimal
5) Octal

3. Magnetic Disk medium uses ..... method for accessing data.
1) Direct
2) Serial
3) Sequential
4) Rotational
5) None

4. Which of the following is the India's first Super Computer?
1) Aakash
2) Sea Deep
3) First PC
4) PARAM 8000
5) Cray - 1

5. Parallelogram in a flowchart usually represents:
1) Input
2) Output
3) Process
4) Both 1 & 2
5) Decision

6. Registers are located in?
1) Memory
2) ALU
3) OS
4) CPU
5) None

7. ...... terminals are often connected to complex inventory and sales computer systems.
1) Data
2) Information
3) Credit Cards
4) Query
5) Point-of-Sale (POS)

8. Which of the following is true about Dial-up internet access?
1) It utilizes the existing telephone services
2) It uses a router for security
3) It utilizes the broadband technology
4) Modem speeds are very fast
5) All are Correnct

9. Icons, Windows, Menu and buttons are features of ?
1) DOS
2) GUI
3) Command Driven Interface
4) All the above
5) None

10. Which of the following is true about URL ?
1) It is a web browser
2) It is a messenger
3) It is a mail service
4) It is a global address of documents and other resources on World Wide Web
5) It is same as internet



11. A computer program is:
1) A set of instructions that enable the computer to solve a problem or perform a task
2) Main memory
3) Pseudo code
4) A flowchart
5) None

12. Graphical pictures that represent an object like file, folder etc., are:
1) Taskbar
2) Graphical toolbar
3) Desktop
4) Folder
5) Icon

13. Producing Output involves:
1) Accepting information from the outside world
2) Communication with another computer
3) Moving and storing information
4) Communicating information to the outside world
5) None

14. One of the reasons to copy files from CD - ROM to the computer's hard disk is:
1) The above stated procedure cannot be done
2) Faster access
3) To be able to print
4) CD - ROM can only be read once
5) CD - ROM contains only Temporary data

15. The place in a computer, where the OS, application programs and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer processor is?
1) ROM
2) RAM
3) TRASH
4) Access control list
5) None

16. Which of the following is / are the functions
of operating system?
1) Memory Management
2) Access to I/O devices
3) Controlled Access to files
4) All the above
5) None

17. The easiest way to select text is to left click the mouse and ?
1) Hold the Shift key
2) Hold the Ctrl key
3) Move the mouse
4) Drag Over the words you want to highlight
5) None

18. Which part of the URL http://www.ibps.in/clerks2012.html will specify the rules to be followed when accessing a file ?
1) http://
2) www
3) ibps
4) .in
5) /clerks2012.html

19. Moving the page around to view all the pages in the document on the screen is referred to as:
1) Surfing
2) Navigating
3) Hyperlink
4) Scrolling
5) Browsing

20. Which of the following is the short-cut key to close an active tab of a browser?
1) Alt + F4
2) Ctrl + C
3) Ctrl + F4
4) Shift + C
5) Ctrl + W

21. Which kind of malware typically has a tendency to reside in / to get attach to a computer program?
1) Worm
2) Trojan Horse
3) Computer Virus
4) All the Above
5) None

22. WWW can be accessed using ?
1) Web Browsers
2) e - mail
3) Search Engine
4) http
5) Chatting

23. A wireless network uses ...... waves to transmit signals.
1) Electro-Magnetic
2) Sound
3) Radio
4) Video
5) None

24. Kalyan gave incorrect settings in the CMOS which can prevent him from?
1) Logging on to the internet
2) Searching on the web
3) Booting up the computer
4) Accessing the computer
5) Printing a document

25. The components that process data are located in the....
1) Input Devices
2) Output Devices
3) System Unit
4) Storage Component
5) None of these

26. Which of the following is not one of the major data processing functions of a computer?
1) Gathering Data
2) Processing data into information
3) Analysing the data or information
4) Storing data or information
5) None of these

27. Which of the following are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest - growing type of computers?
1) Mainframe Computers
2) Super Computers
3) Mini Computers
4) Micro Computers
5) None of these

28. Which of the following is used to connect a personal computer to a network?
1) Modem
2) NIC
3) PIC
4) CPU
5) None

29. Each Web address is actually a series of numbers, which is usually called as:
1) Domain Name
2) URL
3) http
4) HTML
5) IP address

30. LinkedIn is a?
1) Search Engine
2) Web Browser
3) Social Networking Site
4) Name of Operating System
5) None of these

31. Programs designed to perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources are called:
1) Programming Software
2) Operating System
3) Application Software
4) Utility Programs
5) None of these

32. Menus are a part of .....
1) Hardware
2) User Interface
3) Status Bar
4) Monitor
5) None of these

33. A business's customer, inventory and payroll records would best be stored in a .... file.
1) Database
2) Document
3) Worksheet
4) Presentation
5) None of these

34. Which of the following is / are the features of word processing?
1) Spell Check
2) Find and Replace
3) Thesaurus
4) All the above
5) None of the above

35. Find the odd one out.
1) Bus
2) Ring
3) Star
4) Tree
5) Train

36. The communication between a processor and other devices inside the computer is done through?
1) Bus
2) Channel
3) Network Cable
4) Chip
5) None of these

37. Which of the following is fastest?
1) Cache Memory
2) Main Memory
3) Secondary Memory
4) Compact Disk
5) Digital Versatile Disk

38. Which of the following memories can be read directly by the computer processor?
1) Hard Disk
2) Main Memory
3) CD
4) DVD
5) None

39. Which of the following term is not associated with Display Device of the computer?
1) LCD
2) LED
3) CRT
4) WAT
5) TFT

40. A rectangular area on a computer screen that contains a document, program or message is referred to as:
1) Cell
2) Window
3) Desktop
4) Field
5) None

ANSWERS:

1-2; 2-3; 3-1; 4-4; 5-4; 6-4; 7-5; 8-1; 9-2; 10-4;
11-1; 12-5; 13-4; 14-2; 15-2; 16-4; 17-4; 18-1; 19-4; 20-5; 
21-3; 22-1; 23-3; 24-3; 25-3; 26-3; 27-4; 28-2; 29-5; 30-3;
31-2; 32-2; 33-3; 34-4; 35-5; 36-1; 37-1; 38-2; 39-4; 40-2.

IBPS CLERKS EXAM COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs

1. Which of the following peripheral devices displays information to a user?
1) Monitor
2) Keyboard
3) Secondary Storage Devices
4) Secondary Storage Media
5) None

2. Bandwidth refers to
1) The cost of the cable required to implement a WAN
2) The cost of the cable required to implement a LAN
3) The amount of information a peer-to-peer network can store
4) The amount of information a communication medium can transfer in a given amount of time
5) None of these

3. A processor that collects the transmissions from several communication media and send them over a single line that operates at a higher capacity is called ........
1) Multiplexer
2) Bridge
3) Hub
4) Router
5) None of these

4. Which of the following is not a form of Biometrics?
1) Fingerprint
2) Password
3) Retina Scan
4) Breath Scan
5) None of these

5. Which of the following best defines a compiler?
1) Translates machine language into a high level language
2) Translates one statement at a time as the program executes
3) Translates two statements at a time as the program executes
4) Produces object code
5) is less sophisticated than an assembler

6. Which of the following is not a web browser?
1) Opera
2) Netscape
3) Microsoft Outlook
4) Internet Explorer
5) Safari

7. What is the cell content alignment by default in a Excel?
1) Left Aligned
2) Centrally Aligned
3) Text is left aligned and numbers are right aligned
4) Text is right aligned and numbers are left aligned
5) None of these

8. Which of the following device is used to transmit data over telecommunication lines?
1) Drive
2) Folder
3) Modem
4) Platforms
5) None of these



9. A ........ is approximately one billion bytes.
1) Kilobyte
2) Bit
3) Gigabyte
4) Megabyte
5) None of these

10. Printed information called ......, exists physically and is more permanent form of output than that presented on a display device.
1) Soft Copy
2) Hard Copy
3) Carbon Copy
4) Desk Copy
5) None of these

11. To restart the computer .... key/ button is used.
1) Ctrl + Del
2) Backspace + Ctrl
3) Ctrl + Alt + del
4) Reset
5) None

12. Which of the following is the benefit of using  computer?
1) Computers are very fast and can store huge amounts of data
2) Computers provide accurate output even when input is incorrect
3) Computers are designed to be inflexible
4) All the above
5) None of these

13. Which of the following keyboard short-cut is used to center the paragraph?
1) Ctrl + C
2) Ctrl + E
3) Ctrl + L
4) Ctrl + R
5) None of these

14. If a memory chip is volatile, it will .......
1) explode if exposed to high temperatures
2) lose its contents if current is turned off
3) be used for data storage only
4) be used to both read and write data
5) None of these

15. Which of the following is not a hardware?
1) An image file
2) A keyboard
3) A monitor
4) A mouse
5) Pen drive

16. Simultaneous execution of two or more instructions is called:
1) Sequential Access
2) Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)
3) Multiprocessing
4) Disk Mirroring
5) None of these

17. The different styles of lettering in a word processing program is called:
1) Font
2) Calligraphy
3) Writing
4) Manuscript
5) None of these

18. A CD-ROM disk ...
1) cannot be erased and rewritten
2) has more storage capacity than a CD-R
3) holds less data than a floppy disk
4) can be written only once
5) None of these

19. Which of the following is not an Operating System of Microsoft?
1) XP
2) 7
3) CE
4) Vista
5) Linux

20. The code for a web page is written using:
1) A fifth generation language
2) Winzip
3) Perl
4) Hypertext Markup Language
5) C++

21. Periodically adding, changing and deleting file records is called
1) Updating
2) Upgrading
3) Restructuring
4) Renewing
5) None of these

22. Which of the following functions is not performed by servers?
1) Processing Websites
2) Database Sharing
3) Storage
4) Word Processing
5) Email Processing

23. Documentation of softwares/ Computer programs is important so that:
1) Users can learn how to use the program
2) Other programmers can know how to maintain the program
3) The programmer can see why the code is written that way while locating sources of error
4) All the above
5) None of these

24. What is the difference between a check box and Radio button?
1) No difference
2) In radio buttons multiple options can be selected whereas in check boxes only single option can be selected
3) In check boxes as well as radio buttons multiple options can be selected, but radio buttons can be used only twice
4) In check boxes multiple options can be selected whereas in radio buttons only single option can be selected
5) None of these

25. Which of the following is true about Secondary Storage?
1) Does not require constant power
2) Does not use magnetic media
3) Consists of four main types of devices
4) Does not store information for later retrieval
5) None of these

26. ..... means that the data contained in a database is accurate and reliable?
1) Data Redundancy
2) Data Integrity
3) Data Reliability
4) Data Consistency
5) None of these

27. Documents converted to ..... can be published to the Web?
1) a doc file
2) http
3) Machine language
4) HTML
5) None of these

28. ........ is an access method in which collisions are entirely avoided.
1) CSMA
2) CSMA/CD
3) CSMA/CA
4) All the above
5) None of these

29. A ....... typically connects personal computers within a very limited geographical area, usually within a single building?
1) LAN
2) BAN
3) TAN
4) VPN
5) None of these

30. Who is/are the founders of Microsoft?
1) Bill Gates
2) Bill Gates and Allen Paul
3) Steve Jobs
4) Bill Gates and Steve Jobs
5) None of these

ANSWERS:
1-1; 2-4; 3-1; 4-2; 5-4; 6-3; 7-3; 8-3; 9-3;
10-2; 11-4; 12-1; 13-2; 14-2; 15-1; 16-3;
17-1; 18-1; 19-5; 20-4; 21-1; 22-4; 23-4;
24-4; 25-1; 26-2; 27-4; 28-5; 29-1; 30-2.

COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE MCQs FOR BANK EXAMS

1. Pick the odd one out:
1) Interpreter
2) Operating System
3) Compiler
4) Assembler
5) None of these

2. When a particular object or an image is copied, in which of the following places it is stored?
1) Notice Board
2) Interim Board
3) Notepad
4) Clipboard
5) None of these

3. The Term 'BIT' is the short form for:
1) Mega Byte
2) Binary Language
3) Binary Digit
4) Binary Number
5) None of these

4. Servers are computers that provide resources to other computers connected to a 1) Network
2) Super Computer
3) Micro Computer
4) Client
5) None of these

5. A bar which is seen at the bottom of the screen (usually) when the computer is turned on is known as:
1) Address Bar
2) Task Bar
3) Windows Bar
4) Line bar
5) None of these

6. Something which has easily understood instructions is said to be:
1) User friendly
2) Information
3) Word Processing
4) Icon
5) None of these

7. To save an existing file with a new name or to a new location, you should use the ..... command.
1) Save
2) Save and Replace
3) Save as
4) New file
5) None of these

8. Peripheral devices such as printers and monitors are considered to be:
1) Hardware
2) Software
3) Data
4) Information
5) None of these

9. In a database, ....... fields store numbers used to perform calculations.
1) Next
2) Key
3) Alpha Numeric
4) Numeric
5) None of these

10. Where is data saved permanently?
1) RAM
2) ROM
3) CPU
4) Printer
5) None of these




11. Which of the following describes relational database?
1) It provides relationship between integers
2) It consists of separate tables of related data
3) It retrieves data related to its queries
4) It provides the relationship between floats
5) None of these

12. Find the odd one out:
1) Projector
2) Speakers
3) Monitor
4) Microphone
5) Printer

13. A program for viewing webpages is called:
1) Word Processor
2) Spread sheet
3) Protocol
4) Browser
5) Database

14. Domain name Extension '.nic.in' is generally used for which of the following:
1) Organization websites
2) Educational Websites in india
3) Companies in india
4) e-governance websites
5) None of these

15. ........... view shows how the content on printed page, along with footer and margin header, appear.
1) Draft
2) Full screen reading
3) Outline
4) Page layout
5) None of these

16. What is the symbol for inbox in mail?
1) BOX
2) Envelope
3) Upper Case 'I'
4) Lower case 'I'
5) None of these

17. '©' symbol in computers refers to:
1) Copy
2) Circled 'C'
3) Copyright
4) Italicized C
5) None of these

18. Which of the following is a professional social networking site?
1) Facebook
2) Orkut
3) Twitter
4) LinkedIn
5) None of these

19. File ....... shrinks the size of a file so that it requires less storage space.
1) Scanning
2) Synthesizing
3) Defragmenting
4) Compression
5) None of these

20. Ctrl, shift, alt are called ....... keys.
1) Adjustment
2) Function
3) Modifier
4) Alphanumeric
5) None of these

21. An email address typically consists of user id followed by ........ and the domain name.
1) @
2) #
3) &
4) ∗
5) None of these

22. The name, a user assigns to a document is called:
1) File name
2) Program
3) Record
4) Data
5) None of these

23. ........... is processed by the computer into information.
1) Numbers
2) Processor
3) Input
4) Data
5) None of these

24. A menu contains a list of ........
1) commands
2) data
3) objects
4) reports
5) None of these

25. The internet allows you to:
1) Send electronic mail
2) View web pages
3) Connect to servers all around the world
4) All the above
5) None of these

26. Which of the following is a function of UPS?
1) It limits damage caused by fluctuating levels of electricity
2) It provides battery back up for limited time
3) It delivers electronic messages via a bus
4) It conducts a power-on self test or POST
5) None of these

27. Youtube, which provides a service of streaming videos online is provided by ....
1) Google
2) Microsoft
3) IBM
4) Apple
5) Sony

28. ...... is known as unauthorized access to others system.
1) Hacking
2) Encryption
3) Decryption
4) Trafficking
5) None of these

29. The vast network of computers that connects millions of people all over the world is called.......
1) LAN
2) Web
3) Hypertext
4) Internet
5) None of these

30. CRT stands for:
1) Copper Rod Tube
2) Campus Report Truncation
3) Completely Ready Tube
4) Cathode Ray Tube
5) None of these

31. To prevent a slide from being displayed during the slide show one should:
1) delete the slide
2) hide the slide by using animation button
3) hide the slide by using the slide show menu
4) Any of the above
5) None of the above

32. The ALU of a computer usually contains a number of high speed storage elements called ........
1) Semiconductor memory
2) Registers
3) Hard disk
4) Magnetic Disk
5) None of these

33. A connection from one HTML document to another HTML document is called:
1) Hyper Link
2) Connecting Link
3) Icon
4) All of these
5) None of these

34. Which of the following is true about RAM?
A) It is an acronym for Random Access Memory
B) It is memory built from silicon chips that is used to store programs and data temporarily while they are being processed
C) RAM stores the data permanently like Hard Disks
1) Only A and C
2) Only B and C
3) Only A and B
4) All the three
5) None of these

35. Capability of computer to perform more than one tasks at the same time is:
1) Batch Processing
2) Real Time Processing
3) Multitasking
4) Scheduled Processing
5) None of these

36. Computer Virus is:
1) A hardware
2) Windows tool
3) A computer program
4) Combination of 1 and 2
5) None of these

37. Firewall is used in communication network / system to save:
1) Unauthorized attack
2) Virus attack
3) Data driven attack
4) Fire attack
5) None of these

38. Which of the following can hold maximum data?
1) Optical disk
2) Floppy disk
3) Magnetic disk inside computer
4) Magnetic tape
5) None of these

39. ........ is a process of sending documents to a storage where they are temporarily stored and remain there until printer prints them.
1) Printing
2) Queuing
3) Waiting Queue
4) Print Spooling
5) None of these

40. The feature to customize the desktop to display information that can be updated from internet is:
1) Active desktop
2) Online desktop
3) E-mail
4) Resource Sharing
5) None of these

ANSWERS:

1-2; 2-4; 3-3; 4-1; 5-2; 6-1; 7-3; 8-1; 9-4; 10-2;
11-2; 12-4; 13-4; 14-4; 15-4; 16-2; 17-3; 18-4; 19-4; 20-3;
21-1; 22-1; 23-4; 24-1; 25-4; 26-2; 27-1; 28-1; 29-4; 30-4;
31-1; 32-2; 33-1; 34-3; 35-3; 36-3; 37-1; 38-4; 39-4; 40-1